On-site Identifying Kernel: scale-like shuck uncovered; no clear distinction between heartwood and sapwood, with relatively obvious difference between springwood and autumn wood; resin mostly distributed in the interspaces between them.
Fir or Needle Fir (Russian name: §±§Ú§ç§ä§Ñ ):
On-site Identifying Kernel: shuck with resin vesicles; bark smelling like orange; brachyaclerids so big and so many that they can be seen clearly with naked eyes; no resin canal, with a gradual change from springwood to autumn wood; mellow and furfuraceous in appearance.
Pinus Sylvestnis Var (Russian name: §³§à§ã§ß§Ñ ):
On-site Identifying Kernel: flaky and uncovered shuck on the middle and upside of the trunk is verdant, the downside chocolate brown, with regular resin canal; from springwood to autumn wood there is a slight change that turns to a surging one.